Telecommunications providers operate the networks that underpin global connectivity, making them strategic targets for espionage, surveillance, and large-scale data interception. Telcos manage vast amounts of call records, location data, and internet traffic metadata subject to strict regulatory oversight. 5G infrastructure expansion introduces new attack surfaces including network slicing vulnerabilities and edge computing risks. DDoS attacks against telecom infrastructure can cascade across industries, and SIM-swapping attacks targeting subscribers remain a persistent threat vector.